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- <text id=94TT1537>
- <title>
- Nov. 07, 1994: Rwanda:Collusion with Killers
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Nov. 07, 1994 Mad as Hell
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- RWANDA, Page 52
- Collusion with Killers
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The aid effort is bringing relief to refugees, but the real
- beneficiaries are the instigators of Rwanda's genocide
- </p>
- <p>By Andrew Purvis/Goma
- </p>
- <p> One recent morning, a neatly typed letter arrived at the offices
- of CARE in Goma, Zaire, addressed to relief worker Guy Banville
- and signed by "the refugees of Katale." Katale is a huge Rwandan
- refugee settlement in a valley north of Goma where the 36-year-old
- Canadian had been supervising food deliveries for nearly three
- months. "Frankly," the letter began in French, "it seems to
- us that you are tired of living." It concluded with a chilling
- ultimatum: "You must leave the region within 48 hours--if
- you value your life. Thank you and bon voyage."
- </p>
- <p> Banville left on the next plane, and CARE evacuated its entire
- foreign staff from Katale shortly thereafter. The letter, it
- turned out, had not been sent by ordinary aid recipients but
- by their self-appointed leaders, former members of Rwanda's
- extremist Hutu government that orchestrated the death of more
- than 500,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu. It was only the latest
- in a series of increasingly dire threats by these leaders aimed
- at eliminating outside interference in the camps and tightening
- their control of food distributions. The power play has presented
- those responsible for the relief effort with a dilemma: Should
- they cease their humanitarian work and put at risk the lives
- of innocent refugees, or accept the fact that they must hand
- over millions of dollars in supplies to the perpetrators of
- Rwanda's recent holocaust, who hope to use the camps as headquarters
- for rekindling a bloody civil war?
- </p>
- <p> "Normally," explains Dr. Alain Destexhe, the secretary-general
- of Medecins Sans Frontieres, "refugees are people who are persecuted.
- But here we are dealing with people responsible for genocide.
- We should recognize that, and we should not be strengthening
- these leaders."
- </p>
- <p> At first there was little choice. While thousands died daily
- of cholera, the question of who controlled aid distributions
- seemed of little consequence. But as the emergency in the camps
- in Zaire and Tanzania abated, it became clear that Rwanda's
- former government was re-creating a replica of its defeated
- regime, from former ministers down to the tiniest cell leader
- of a few hundred peasants. Despite efforts by foreign overseers
- like Banville, each day for the past three months, aid workers
- have been handing over food, medicine and other supplies to
- these erstwhile officials.
- </p>
- <p> Francois Karera was the prefect of Greater Kigali, a man whose
- incitement of the militia that butchered hundreds of thousands
- of Tutsi makes him one of Rwanda's most notorious war criminals.
- He now calls himself director of food distribution for the Rwandan
- Refugee Social Affairs Committee. "The population," he says,
- "has to be with their government. We are here to protect them
- from infiltrators. We are their family."
- </p>
- <p> If the refugees are Karera's family, they are in trouble. A
- recent survey by aid workers in Goma found that food distribution
- was badly skewed. Former soldiers, officials and militiamen
- are living well, hoarding donated food and blankets and selling
- these supplies at high prices. At the same time, nearly half
- the camp population--notably the elderly, women and children--are not getting enough food to ward off malnutrition.
- </p>
- <p> Attempts to bypass the former officials have met with failure
- or worse. Shortly before Banville was forced to leave, several
- dozen Rwandan Boy Scouts who had been assigned by aid agencies
- to provide security at the Katale camp were attacked by militiamen
- wielding clubs and machetes; at least 18 of the youngsters are
- missing and presumed dead.
- </p>
- <p> By intimidating their people and limiting outside influences,
- the Hutu leaders are intent on keeping as many Rwandans as possible
- from returning to their native country in order to strengthen
- their bargaining position with the new government in Kigali.
- If talks fail, control of the camps will provide another alternative.
- "We will attack, it is clear," says Karera. Gesturing toward
- a crowd gathered at a food-distribution center in Katale, he
- adds with a smile, "Do you really think this situation can last?"
- Foreign observers in Goma agree. "This is a classic environment
- for guerrilla incursions," says Captain Declan O'Brien, an Irish
- army logistics specialist seconded to the aid agency GOAL. "You
- can't have 30,000 soldiers just sitting here twiddling their
- thumbs."
- </p>
- <p> Major General Augustin Bizimungu, the commander of the defeated
- Hutu army, is only slightly more circumspect. "People call me
- a killer of innocents," he says. "But I represent the Rwandan
- people. ((Defense Minister and former rebel commander)) Paul
- Kagame must negotiate with us. If he does not, he may have trouble
- sleeping at night for fear that I will come to bother him."
- </p>
- <p> Bizimungu knows time is on his side as long as food donations
- keep pouring in. Though individual agencies may continue to
- withdraw, aid workers note that short of stopping relief altogether,
- their hands are tied. Many recall Cambodia in the late 1970s,
- when foreign food assistance to refugees on the Thai border
- enabled the defeated Khmer Rouge to live and fight another day.
- Rwandans who have already suffered a holocaust now face a choice
- between starvation or the resumption of war.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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